არსებული მონაცემებით, დიდი შვიდეულის ექვს ქვეყანაში უმუშევრობის დონე საუკუნის განმავლობაში ყველაზე დაბალ დონეზე ნარჩუნდება. მათ შორის ამერიკის შეერთებულ შტატებში, 3.4%-იანი მაჩვენებლით, უმუშევრობის დონე 1969 წლის შემდგომ ყველაზე დაბალ ნიშნულამდე ჩამოვიდა. თუმცა გაურკვეველი ეკონომიკური მომავლისა და მოსალოდნელი რეცესიის შიშიდან გამომდინარე, ქვეყნების მდგომარეობა განსხვავებულია, რაც მათ გადაწყვეტილებებზეც აისახება. ქვეყანათა დიდ ნაწილში შრომითი ტენდენციები პანდემიამ გააუარესა, შეიცვალა სამუშაო ბაზრის პირობებიც.
Visual Capitalist-მა, ქვეყნების მიხედვით 2023 წლისთვის უმუშევრობის დონის პროგნოზების რეიტინგი გამოაქვეყნა. გამოცემის რეიტინგი საერთაშორისო სავალუტო ფონდის (IMF) ეკონომიკური პერსპექტივების ანგარიშის მონაცემებს ეყრდნობა. IMF-ის მოლოდინით, მიმდინარე წელს მსოფლიოში უმუშევრობის ყველაზე მაღალი მაჩვენებელი სამხრეთ აფრიკაში დაფიქსირდება და 35.6%-ს მიაღწევს. კომპანიებს თანამშრომელთა დაქირავებაში კი ხელს მკაცრი შრომითი კანონები და შენელებული ეკონომიკური ზრდა უშლის.
რაც შეეხება ევროპას, IMF-ის პროგნოზით, ყველაზე მაღალი უმუშევრობის დონე კონტინენტის მასშტაბით ბოსნია და ჰერცეგოვინაში დაფიქსირდება და 17%-ს მიაღწევს. მას მოსდევს ჩრდილოეთ მაკედონია 15.0%-ით და ესპანეთი 12.3%-ით – უმუშევრობის მოსალოდნელი დონით, რომლებიც თითქმის ორჯერ აღემატება ევროპის განვითარებული ეკონომიკის პროგნოზებს. ამერიკის შეერთებული შტატების შემთხვევაში კი, IMF-ის პროგნოზით, მიმდინარე წელს ქვეყანაში უმუშევრობის მაჩვენებელი 4.6% იქნება, რაც არსებულ დონეს 1.2%-ით აღემატება. ეს, გარკვეულწილად ნიშნავს, რომ აშშ-ის ეკონომიკური მაჩვენებლების შესუსტება შრომის ბაზრის სიძლიერესაც შეასუსტებს.
აღსანიშნავია, რომ Visual Capitalist-ის რეიტინგში საქართველოც მოხვდა, უფრო მეტიც – ქვეყანა ანგარიშზე დაყრდნობით 2023 წლისთვის უმუშევრობის დონის პროგნოზის რეიტინგის ათეულშიც კია. მიმდინარე წელს, IMF-ის მონაცემებით, საქართველოში უმუშევრობის დონე 19.5% იქნება, რა მაჩვენებლითაც ქვეყანა Visual Capitalist-ის უმუშევრობის რეიტინგში მეოთხე პოზიციას იკავებს. ათეულში მოხვდა სომხეთიც, სადაც IMF-ის პროგნოზით უმუშევრობის დონე 2023 წელს 15.1%-ს მიაღწევს, აღნიშნული მაჩვენებელი თურქეთში 10.5%; აზერბაიჯანში 5.8%; რუსეთში კი 4.3% იქნება.
სამუშაო ბაზარი გლობალური ეკონომიკის ერთ-ერთი ყველაზე ძლიერი სფეროა. მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ ტექნიკური სექტორის წარმომადგენლები მიმდინარე წელს თანამშრომელთა მასობრივ გათავისუფლებებს აანონსებენ, ამერიკის შეერთებულ შტატებში უმუშევრობა ბოლოდროინდელ საშუალო მაჩვენებელზე დაბალი იქნება. აქვე უნდა აღინიშნოს, რომ ტექნიკური სექტორი სამუშაო ძალის მხოლოდ 4%-ს შეადგენს. საინტერესოა ის ფაქტიც, რომ აშშ-ში სამუშაო ადგილები 2022 წელს 4.8 მილიონით გაიზარდა, რაც ორჯერ მეტია, ვიდრე 2015-2019 წლების პერიოდში დაფიქსირებულ საშუალო მაჩვენებელზე.
2023 წელს უმუშევრობის მაღალი დონის (პროგნოზი) მიხედვით ქვეყნების რეიტინგი ასე გამოიყურება:
1. სამხრეთი აფრიკა – 35.6%
2. სუდანი – 30.6%
3. მდინარე იორდანეს დასავლეთი ნაპირი და ღაზა – 25.0%
4. საქართველო – 19.5%
5. ბოსნია და ჰერცეგოვინა – 17.2%
6. სომხეთი – 15.1%
7. ჩრდილოეთი მაკედონია – 15.0%
8. კოსტა-რიკა – 13.2%
9. ბაჰამის კუნძულები – 12.7%
10. ესპანეთი – 12.3%
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