გლობალურ სავაჭრო ქსელში საქონლის 80%-ის ტრანსპორტირება ზღვებისა და ოკეანეების დახმარებით ხდება. ადამიანური საჭიროებების გათვალისწინებით კი, მოთხოვნის დასაკმაყოფილებლად უდიდესი რაოდენობის კონტეინერები და გადამზიდი გემებია საჭირო.
ინდუსტრიულ დონეზე, კონტეინერებით გადაზიდვის მიმართულებით რამდენიმე მსხვილი კომპანია დომინირებს. მათ შორის ყველასათვის კარგად ნაცნობი Maersk-ი, COSCO და Evergreen-ი არიან. ამ სტატიაში სწორედ კონტეინერების გადამზიდი მსოფლიოს უდიდესი კომპანიების შესახებ გესაუბრებით.
აღნიშნული კომპანიების რეიტინგი ორი ცვლადით იზომება. პირველი საზომი უშუალოდ კომპანიის სარგებლობაში არსებული გემების რაოდენობაა, მეორე კი ამ გემების მიერ გადაზიდული კონტეინერების ტევადობა. ეს უკანასკნელი სპეციალური საზომი ერთეულით, TEU-თი იზომება, რომელიც 6 მეტრის (20 ფუტი) ეკვივალენტური ერთეულია. უფრო მარტივად რომ ვთქვათ, TEU სტანდარტული ზომის კონტეინერების ტევადობაზეა დაფუძნებული.
ჩვენ მიერ განხილული მონაცემები ლოჯისტიკური საკონსულტაციო კომპანიის, Alcott Global-ის მიერ ჩატარებულ კვლევას ეფუძნება. კომპანიების ფლოტის ზომა 2021 წლის ივნისის მდგომარეობით არის განხილული, TEU-ს ტევადობა კი 2022 წლის იანვრის მონაცემებს ეფუძნება.
მონაცემების თანახმად, კონტეინერების გადამზიდი ყველაზე დიდი კომპანიები როგორც ტევადობის, ისე გემების რაოდენობის მიხედვით დანიური Maersk-ი და შვეიცარიული MSC-ი არიან. Maersk-ის ფლოტში 718 გემი ირიცხება და კომპანიას ყოველწლიურად 4.3 მილიონი კონტეინერი გადააქვს. რაც შეეხება MSC-ს, მას ფლოტში არსებული 606 გემით ამავე რაოდენობის ტვირთი გადააქვს. თუმცა, ბოლო დროს გავრცელებული ახალი ცნობების თანახმად, ამ უკანასკნელმა დანიურ Maersk-ს პირველობა ჩამოართვა და ინდუსტრიაში გალიდერდა.
ამ ორ გიგანტ კომპანიას კი ათეულში ევროპული და აზიური კომპანიები მოჰყვებიან. რეიტინგში მესამე ადგილზე ფრანგული CMA CGM-ი იმყოფება. მის ფლოტში 542 გემია, რომლებიც ჯამურად ყოველწლიურად 3.2 მილიონ კონტეინერს გადაზიდავს. მეოთხე ადგილს ყველასათვის კარგად ნაცნობი ჩინური კომპანია COSCO Shipping-ი იკავებს. 497 გემით კომპანიას ყოველწლიურად 2.9 მილიონი კონტეინერი გადააქვს. რაც შეეხება ტაივანურ Evergreen-ს, ის რეიტინგში მეშვიდე ადგილზე იმყოფება ფლოტში 201 გემით. ცნობისათვის, გასულ წელს ეგვიპტეში სუეცის არხში სწორედ Evergreen-ის გემი Ever Given-ი გაიჭედა.
მიუხედავად იმის, რომ მსოფლიოში გადაზიდული ტვირთების 80% სწორედ კონტეინერებით ტრანსპორტირებაზე მოდის, ინდუსტრია გლობალური ემისიების მხოლოდ 3%-ზეა პასუხისმგებელი. უხეში შედარებისათვის, ინდუსტრია რომ ქვეყანა იყოს, ემისიების მოცულობით მეექვსე ადგილს დაიკავებდა.
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